“What Is Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)? Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options”

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys. This backward flow can affect kidney health, especially in children. Often, VUR leads to urinary tract infections and other problems. Many parents search for information about urinary reflux in children, VUR symptoms and treatment, and how to keep their child’s urinary tract healthy. In this blog, you will learn about VUR, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.

What is Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)?

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) happens when urine moves the wrong way. Instead of leaving the body, urine travels from the bladder back up to the ureters and sometimes to the kidneys. Normally, urine should only flow one way, from the kidneys to the bladder. However, with VUR, this process is disrupted. Children are more likely to have VUR, but adults can have it too. According to the CDC, VUR is one of the most common urinary tract problems in children.

Common Symptoms of VUR

Many children with VUR do not show clear symptoms. Still, some signs can help you spot the problem early. For example, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common sign. Watch for these symptoms:

Pain or burning during urination

Frequent need to urinate

Fever without a clear cause

Cloudy or foul-smelling urine

Abdominal or back pain

Bedwetting in children who were dry before

Sometimes, VUR is found only after a child has repeated kidney infections. Therefore, it is important to notice these signs early.

Causes and Risk Factors

VUR can be present at birth or develop later. There are two main types:

Primary VUR: This type is present from birth. It happens when the valve between the bladder and ureter does not work well.

Secondary VUR: This type develops later. It can be caused by a blockage or infection in the urinary tract.

Some children are more likely to get VUR. For instance, if a parent or sibling has VUR, the risk increases. Girls are also more likely to have VUR than boys. In addition, children with urinary tract problems or frequent infections are at higher risk.

How VUR is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to diagnose Vesicoureteral Reflux. First, they may ask about symptoms and family history. Next, they may order urine tests to check for infection. If VUR is suspected, doctors often use imaging tests such as:

Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to look at the kidneys and bladder.

Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG): This special X-ray shows how urine flows during urination.

Radionuclide Scan: This test checks for kidney damage.

Early diagnosis helps prevent kidney damage and other problems. Therefore, it is important to see a doctor if you notice symptoms.

Treatment Options for VUR

Treatment for Vesicoureteral Reflux depends on the severity. Some children outgrow VUR as they get older. However, others may need treatment to prevent kidney infections. Common treatment options include:

Watchful Waiting: Mild cases may only need regular check-ups.

Antibiotics: Low-dose antibiotics can help prevent urinary infections.

Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may fix the valve between the bladder and ureter.

Doctors will choose the best treatment based on your child’s needs. According to the American Urological Association, most children with mild VUR do well with simple treatments.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot always prevent VUR, you can lower the risk of urinary infections. Here are some helpful tips:

Encourage your child to drink plenty of water

Teach proper bathroom habits, such as wiping from front to back

Make sure your child does not hold urine for too long

See a doctor if your child has symptoms of a urinary infection

Good habits can help protect kidney health and prevent future problems. In addition, regular check-ups are important for children with VUR.

When to See a Urologist

It is important to see a urologist if your child has repeated urinary infections or symptoms of VUR. Early treatment can prevent kidney damage and other issues. For example, if your child has a fever with no clear cause, or if you notice blood in the urine, seek medical help right away. A urologist can guide you on the best steps for diagnosis and care.

In summary, Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) is a treatable condition. With early diagnosis and proper care, most children recover well. Consult a urologist for personalized advice on Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR).