What are Kidney Stones — Causes, Types, Symptoms, and When to Suspect Kidney Stones

What are Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones are hard pieces that form inside your kidneys. They are made from minerals and salts that stick together. In many cases, these stones can cause pain or block the flow of urine. Kidney stones are a common problem worldwide. According to the National Kidney Foundation, about 1 in 10 people will have a kidney stone during their life. Because kidney stones can be very painful, it is important to know what they are and how to spot them early.

Causes of Kidney Stones

There are several reasons why kidney stones form. Often, they happen when your urine has too many minerals and not enough water. As a result, these minerals can stick together and form stones. Other causes include:

Not drinking enough water each day

Eating foods high in salt, sugar, or animal protein

Having a family history of kidney stones

Certain medical conditions, such as obesity or diabetes

Some medicines can also increase your risk

Because many factors can lead to kidney stones, it is important to stay aware of your habits and health.

Types of Kidney Stones

There are different types of kidney stones. Each type forms for a different reason. Knowing the type can help with treatment and prevention. The main types include:

Calcium stones: These are the most common. They often form from calcium oxalate.

Uric acid stones: These can form if you eat a lot of animal protein or have gout.

Struvite stones: These may develop after a urinary tract infection.

Cystine stones: These are rare and happen in people with a genetic disorder.

Because each type has different causes, your doctor may test your stone to find out which kind you have.

Symptoms of Kidney Stones

Kidney stone symptoms can vary. Some people may not feel anything until the stone moves. However, when symptoms appear, they can be very painful. Common signs of kidney stones include:

Severe pain in the back, side, or lower belly

Pain that comes and goes in waves

Blood in your urine, which may look pink or red

Needing to pee more often or feeling a strong urge to go

Pain or burning when you urinate

Nausea or vomiting

Cloudy or bad-smelling urine

Because these symptoms can also be caused by other problems, it is important to pay attention to your body.

When to Suspect Kidney Stones

Sometimes, it can be hard to know if you have kidney stones. However, you should suspect kidney stones if you have:

Sudden, sharp pain in your back or side

Pain that moves to your lower belly or groin

Blood in your urine without a clear reason

Pain when you pee, especially with other symptoms

If you have a history of kidney stones or risk factors, you should be extra careful. Because kidney stones can lead to serious problems, do not ignore these signs. If you have fever, chills, or trouble passing urine, seek help right away.

If you suspect kidney stones, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice. Early care can help prevent problems and ease your pain.